Metasurfaces enable arbitrary control of the wavefront of light by locally manipulating polarization in addition to amplitude and phase. As a result, multiple optical functions can be encoded with greatly reduced complexity that be accessed by changing the input polarization, wavelength and k-vector. Unique ways to generate structured light, a new polarization optics that greatly surpasses the capabilities of the standard and a new class of lenses that correct aberrations without requiring multiple stacked lenses have emerged from this approach.
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